EngQuizzitive – CAT – 2.13 (reasoning)

EngQuizzitive – CAT – 2.13 (reasoning)

Topic : Fact/Inference/Judgement

Fact is any statement that can be verified.[verified meaning one can find out whether it is true or false,it need not be true] A fact is also known as a Premise.
Opinion is any statement that cannot be verified.An opinion is also called as a Judgement.
Inference is a combination of a fact and judgement

Template for a Fact

• anything that is countable [data,survey,research,information];eg. Symbiosis has 25 faculty members.
• anything that is visible [since it can be verifiable];eg. The Sun rises in the North.
• when time is given : a past and a present activity will be a fact; eg. It rained yesterday.
• any mass activity like a bandh,strike,riot
• quote by someone for a reader is always a fact

Template for a Judgement

• an advice given by the author [key word : should]
• a future activity or prediction
• key words like ‘seems,appears to ‘ etc
• author’s views stated
• presence of abstract nouns,adjectives and adverbs will also be an indicator of an opinion

An Inference would be a judgement derived from the fact,since the fact is verifiable the judgement would also be verifiable [plz note CAT does not differentiate between an inference and a conclusion in FIJ hence in these questions an Inference is a Conclusion;but in Critical reasoning CAT does differentiate between a conclusion and an inference]

eg. A chair has four legs [F]
This chair is comfortable to sit. [J]

This chair has four legs therefore comfortable to sit. [I]

On the basis of this try and solve the quiz.

Answers
1) F
2) J
3) J
4) I
5) J

If you have any queries please post them in the comments section of this post.

GKPedia – 2.01 : Overview of the Economic reforms in India

Economic reforms during the post independence period

The post independence period of India was marked by economic policies which tried to make the country self sufficient. Under the economic reform, stress was given more to development of defense, infrastructure and agricultural sectors. Government companies were set up and investment was done more on the public sector. This was made to make the base of the country stronger. To strengthen the infrastructure, new roads, rail lines, bridges, dams and lots more were constructed

During the Five Years Plans initiated in the 1950s, the economic reforms of India somewhat followed the democratic socialist principle with more emphasis on the growth of the public and rural sector. Most of the policies were meant towards the increase of exports compared to imports, central planning, business regulation and also intervention of the state in the finance and labor markets. In the mid 50′s huge scale nationalization was done to industries like mining, telecommunications, electricity and so on.

Economic Reforms during 1960s and 1980s

During the mid 1960′s effort was made to make India self sufficient and also increase the production and export of the food grains. To make the plan a success, huge scale agricultural development was undertaken. The government initiated the ‘Green Revolution’ movement and stressed on better agricultural yield through the use of fertilizers, improved seed and lots more. New irrigation projects were undertaken and the rural banks were also set up to provide financial support to the farmers.

The first step towards liberalization of the economy was taken up by Rajiv Gandhi. After he became the Prime Minister, a number of restrictions on various sectors were eased, control on pricing was removed, and stress was given on increased growth rate and so on.

Economic Reforms during 1990s to the present times

Due to the fall of the Soviet Union and the problems in balance of payment accounts, the country faced economic crisis and the IMF asked for the bailout loan. To get out of the situation, the then Finance Minister, Manmohan Singh initiated the economic liberation reform in the year 1991. This is considered to be one of the milestones in India economic reform as it changed the market and financial scenario of the country. Under the liberalization program, foreign direct investment was encouraged, public monopolies were stopped, and service and tertiary sectors were developed.

Since the initiation of the liberalization plan in the 1990s, the economic reforms have put emphasis on the open market economic policies. Foreign investments have come in various sectors and there has been a good growth in the standard of living, per capital income and Gross Domestic Product.

EngQuizzitive – CAT – 2.12 (grammar)

EngQuizzitive – CAT – 2.12 (grammar)

Modifiers : Misplaced and Dangling

Adjective is a word that tells something more about a noun and an adverb tells something more about a verb.Since the add meaning to the word they are also called as modifiers.
There are two errors related to modifiers that any CAT/CMAT aspirant should be aware of :

• Misplaced Modifier
• Dangling Modifier

When an adjective or an adverb is not placed near the noun or the verb it modifies it alters the meaning of the sentence and would lead to an error of Misplaced modifier.
eg.John told me he wanted to marry me often.(Incorrect)
John often told me he wanted to marry me. (Correct)

When a subject is missing in a sentence the sentence is incomplete in meaning;it is dangling and hence known as an error of a Dangling modifier.
eg. While talking on the phone the doorbell rang. (Incorrect)
While I was talking on the phone the doorbell rang. (Correct)

Answers

1. The last three pages of this book are missing. [Misplaced modifiers]
2. The girl is the daughter of the Pricipal who laughed. [correct]
3. She wrote the summary of the poem neatly. [Misplaced modifier]
4. He was fortunately not hurt in the accident. [Misplaced modifier]
5. John sang melodiously at the concert yesterday. [royal order of adverbs : it is always manner followed by place and time]

 Needless to say any queries on modifiers please post it in the comments section of this post.